Quantum Space: Loop Quantum Gravity and the Search for the Structure of Space, Time, and the Universe by Jim Baggott

Author:Jim Baggott [Baggott, Jim]
Language: eng
Format: epub
Tags: Science, Mechanics, General, Physics, Quantum Theory
ISBN: 9780198809111
Google: -s90DwAAQBAJ
Amazon: 0198809115
Publisher: Oxford University Press
Published: 2018-11-22T10:41:59+00:00

* Dyson rose to fame in the late 1940s by demonstrating the equivalence of different versions of QED developed by Feynman, Schwinger, and Japanese theorist Sin-Itiro Tomonaga. His work paved the way for the establishment of QED as the accepted quantum field description of electromagnetism.

* The Higgs field is a so-called scalar field (it doesn’t ‘point’ in any particular direction) and the Higgs boson therefore has a spin of 0. Photons and the W and Z particles are ‘vector bosons’ with spin 1.

* For particles with zero rest mass, such as the photon, we must reach for the fully relativistic expression for the energy, E, from which we can deduce that p = E/c, where p is the linear momentum (also a particle-like property).5

† The de Broglie relation connects the wave property of wavelength (λ) and the particle property of momentum (p) according to λ = h/p, where h is Planck’s constant. For macroscopic objects such as tennis balls, for any measureable value of momentum the wavelength will always be much, much shorter than the shortest X-rays or γ-rays. However, for microscopic objects such as electrons, it becomes possible to discern both particle-like and wave-like behaviours depending on the experimental setup, as we saw in Chapter 3.

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